Variable-geometry turbochargers (VGTs) are a family of turbochargers, usually designed to allow the effective aspect ratio (sometimes called A/R Ratio) of the turbo to be altered as conditions change. This is done because optimum aspect ratio at low engine speeds is very different from that at high engine speeds. If the aspect ratio is too large, the turbo will fail to create boost at low speeds; if the aspect ratio is too small, the turbo will choke the engine at high speeds, leading to high exhaust manifold pressures, high pumping losses, and ultimately lower power output. By altering the geometry of the turbine housing as the engine accelerates, the turbo's aspect ratio can be maintained at its optimum. Because of this, VGTs have a minimal amount of lag, have a low boost threshold, and are very efficient at higher engine speeds. VGTs do not require a wastegate. VGTs tend to be much more common on diesel engines as the lower exhaust temperatures mean they are less prone to failure. The few early gasoline-engine VGTs required significant pre-charge cooling to extend the turbocharger life to reasonable levels, but advances in material technology has improved their resistance to the high temperatures of gasoline engine exhaust and they have started to appear increasingly in, e.g., gasoline-engined sports cars.
(Common Rail Injection System)has been seen as tougher environmental standards for emission of harmful substances, which were presented to diesel engines. Common Rail fuel injection is characterized by a cylinder under very high atmospheric pressure, so that cars equipped with this system, have reduced fuel consumption by 15 percent, while the engine power has increased by almost 40 percent. But it’s not all the advantages of advanced fuel system of common rail diesel injection system. It was also noted to reduce noise in the engine, though the torque diesel engine was also increased.
Common Rail Fuel system was developed by German company “Bosch”, which is implemented in production cars only in 1997. The first vehicles with this system were Mercedes-Benz 220 CDI and the Alfa Romeo 156 JTD. Thanks to its advantage, Common Rail injection system became very very popular, and at this time, every second car with a diesel engine equipped with this particular injection system. But for the improved performance of diesel engines, common rail diesel injection systemgave them a “second wind”. And now, every second car manufactured in Europe – with a diesel engine.
Common rail diesel explained
If you open a technical dictionary, the term Common Rail can be literally translated as “the general line.” That is what led to the definition and principle of the Common Rail. To create a new system, a new engine with direct injection of fuel directly into the engine cylinder. This immediately gave the diesel engine enhanced cardinality and dynamic characteristics, which are comparable with those of similar gasoline engines. The next step was the emergence of the electronic control unit with its target in a program mode control motor. And the last step in the development of Common Rail principle served as the fuel under high pressure into a common backbone.
Diesel engine, just like any other, always working with variable loads and different modes. And the engine load can be different and do not depend on the speed of the engine crankshaft. How, then, to maintain a constant pressure injection system? For this purpose, was introduced a control unit, which is due to changes in performance fuel pump, maintains a high system pressure. We must remember one detail that the injection “diesel fuel” in the engine cylinder, the highest pressure is generated with minimum turnover of the crankshaft. Common rail diesel injection system is also simple. They are equipped with valves and controlled by the control unit, which feeds on them in different pulses depending on the mode of a diesel engine.
What are the advantages of common rail diesel injection system with high pressure? Due to the high precision electronic controls and high-pressure fuel injection, combustion in the cylinder occurs with maximum efficiency, which corresponds to the way the engine. And at each of the modes of engine operation is achieved the best results. Because of this, reduced fuel consumption and reduced exhaust emission levels.
Fuel system Common Rail led to the rapid development of diesel engine industry, as has considerable potential. We all know that the environmental standards for toxicity are rising constantly. This requires the further development of technologies to reduce emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere. All these factors only contribute to further development of the fuel system of Common Rail. Nowdays, you can find common rail diesel injection system in Detroit, Nevada, San Diego and all over the world!
Compare with petrol, diesel is the lower quality ingredient of petroleum family. Diesel particles are larger and heavier than petrol, thus more difficult to pulverise.
Imperfect pulverisation leads to more unburnt particles, hence more pollutant, lower fuel efficiency and less power.
To improve pulverisation, the fuel must be injected at a very high pressure, so high that normal fuel injectors cannot achieve. In common-rail system, the fuel pressure is implemented by a strong pump instead of fuel injectors.
The high-pressure fuel is fed to individual fuel injectors via a common rigid pipe (hence the name of common-rail). In the current first generation design, the pipe withstand the pressure as high as 1,350 bar.
Fuel always remains under such pressure even in stand-by state. Therefore whenever the injector (which acts as a valve rather than a pressure generator) opens, the high-pressure fuel can be injected into combustion chamber quickly. As a result, not only pulverisation is improved by the higher fuel pressure, but the duration of fuel injection can be shortened and the timing can be precisely controlled.
Benefited by the precise timing, common-rail injection system can introduce a post-combustion, which injects small amount of fuel during the expansion phase thus create a small scale combustion before the normal combustion takes place. This further eliminate the unburnt particles, also increase the exhaust flow temperature thus reduce the pre-heat time of the catalytic converter. In short, post-combustion cuts pollutants. The new common-rail engine (in addition to other improvement) cuts fuel consumption by 20%, doubles torque at low engine speeds and increases power by 25%. It also brings a significant reduction in the noise and vibrations of conventional diesel engines.
In emission, greenhouse gases (CO2) is reduced by 20%. At a constant level of NOx, carbon monoxide (CO) emissions are reduced by 40%, unburnt hydrocarbons (HC) by 50%.
We will ship with EMS Expedited shipping after your payment within 2 business days Korea post airmail.
It will take 3 ~ 7 business days after shipment.Sometimes more, according to your local location
Compare with petrol, diesel is the lower quality ingredient of petroleum family. Diesel particles
are larger and heavier than petrol, thus more difficult to pulverise.
Imperfect pulverisation leads to more unburnt particles, hence more pollutant, lower fuel efficiency and less power. To improve pulverisation, the fuel must be injected at a very high pressure, so high that normal fuel injectors cannot achieve. In common-rail system, the fuel pressure is implemented by a strong pump instead of fuel injectors. The high-pressure fuel is fed to individual fuel injectors via a common rigid pipe (hence the name of common-rail). In the current first generation design, the pipe withstand the pressure as high as 1,350 bar.
Fuel always remains under such pressure even in stand-by state. Therefore whenever the injector (which acts as a valve rather than a pressure generator) opens, the high-pressure fuel can be injected into combustion chamber quickly. As a result, not only pulverisation is improved by the higher fuel pressure, but the duration of fuel injection can be shortened and the timing can be precisely controlled.
Benefited by the precise timing, common-rail injection system can introduce a post-combustion, which injects small amount of fuel during the expansion phase thus create a small scale combustion before the normal combustion takes place. This further eliminate the unburnt particles, also increase the exhaust flow temperature thus reduce the pre-heat time of the catalytic converter. In short, post-combustion cuts pollutants. The new common-rail engine (in addition to other improvement) cuts fuel consumption by 20%, doubles torque at low engine speeds and increases power by 25%. It also brings a significant reduction in the noise and vibrations of conventional diesel engines. In emission, greenhouse gases (CO2) is reduced by 20%. At a constant level of NOx, carbon monoxide (CO) emissions are reduced by 40%, unburnt hydrocarbons (HC) by 50%.
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We will ship with EMS Expedited shipping after your payment within 2 business days Korea post airmail.
It will take 3 ~ 7 business days after shipment.Sometimes, more according to your local location
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